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黑龙江大学外语部大学外语应用提高管理中心 商务英语翻译课程教案 商务英语翻译课程教案 Pronouns are more frequently used in English than in Chinese. Therefore,when translated into Chinese, many English pronouns may be omitted so as to conform the rendering to the accustomed usage of Chinese expression. ● He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他将双手放进衣袋,然后耸了耸肩. ● For two weeks, bad been studying the house, he looking at its moms, electric wiring, its path and its garden. its 两周以来,他一直注意观察房子的情况,查看各个房间,留心电线的走向,通道和花园的布局. ● They went in to dinner. It was excellent, the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. and They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness. 他们进入餐室用餐.美酒佳肴,顿受感 染,言谈间不但没有恶言恶语,甚至还充满友好之情. 北京世博翻译公司2. Omission of the Article The article is the hallmark of English nouns. When translated into Chinese,it is usually omitted except when the indefinite article is intended to indicate the numeral "one", or "a certain". ● The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起. ● Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid,or a gas. 任何物质,不论是固体,液体 或气体,都由原子组成. ● The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow. 力的方向可以用箭头表示. 3. Omission of the Preposition Chinese is characterized by its succinctness and the preposition appears less frequently in Chinese than in English,and therefore omission of prepositions is a common practice in English-Chinese translation. ● Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不许吸烟. ● The difference between the two machines consists in power. 这两台机器的差别在于功率不同. ● Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1. 0008. 氢是最轻的元素,原子量为 1.0008. 4. Omission of the Conjunction Chinese is considered an analytic language and many conjunctions that are indispensable in English may seem redundant in Chinese. Therefore,omission of the conjunction is a common practice in English-Chinese translation. ● He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安. ● If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此,我就不参加了. ● Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸. 5. Omission of the Verb As Chinese is a language of parataxis(意合连结) ,its grammar is not so strict as that of English,and predicative verbs in Chinese sometimes may also be omitted. ● When the pressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low. 气压低,沸点就低. ● Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do. 如同液体和气体一样,固体也能膨胀和收缩. ● For this reason television signals have a short range. 因此,电视信号的传播距离很短. 6. Omission of the Impersonal Pronoun " It" This often occurs when "it" is meaningless or empty. ● Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆. ● This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds. 这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简 单. ● It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 直到 19 世纪中叶,高炉 才开始使用. 5. Practical Exercises It is Shell companies' policy to promote a management style of direct involvement of employees in decisions affecting their jobs. Staff is encouraged to discuss the objectives of the unit in which they work before these are finally established. Through the staff reporting system, staff is also encouraged to take part in setting their work 北京世博翻译公司2北京世博翻译公司2 黑龙江大学外语部大学外语应用提高管理中心 商务英语翻译课程教案 商务英语翻译课程教案 targets for the coming year, to identify their own training needs and to develop their own ambitions so that these may be taken into account in career planning. This approach which Group companies believe to be beneficial to the business and to give recognition to the legitimate expectations of employees is the core of its employee relations philosophy. 6. Assignments Write down some sentences and make a translation after class IV. Complementary Materials To copy the complementary materials composed by teachers V. Reference 《商务英语英汉翻译教程》 潘红 《商务英语翻译教程》 邹力 北京世博翻译公司23 黑龙江大学外语部大学外语应用提高管理中心 商务英语翻译课程教案 商务英语翻译课程教案 Chapter Five I. Teaching Objectives On completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1. know the translation skills -----conversion, extension 北京世博翻译公司2. grasp their application in practice II. The Points to Be Highlighted 1. practical usage of the skills III. Teaching Procedures and Contents 1. Greetings 北京世博翻译公司2. Review review the key points in the last period 3. Warm-up ask one student to give a translating example and make a specific analysis 4. Body 词类转换 conversion 翻译法是指在翻译中,将源语中属于某种词性的词语翻译成目的语中属于另一种词 性的词语的翻译方法,比如将源语中的名词翻译成目的语中的动词,将源语中的形容词翻译成目的语中的副 词等都属于词类转换翻译法. 1 具备动态概念的名词转译成动词 A developing economy with an impressive development plan requires large imports of capital goods, technology, raw materials and other inputs and consumer goods to car~ out the plan effectively. 译文:一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家,为了有效地实施其发展计划,可能需要大量进口资本货物,技术,原 材料和消费品及其他产品. 析: 按照英语的语法规则,每一个分旬只有一个限定动词,所谓限定动词是指有时态,语态,人称,数等变化的 动词,如本例句中的 requires;分句中若再需要使用动词就使用动词的非限定式,如动词不定式,分词,动 名词等三形式,本例句中的 to carry out 即为非限定式.汉语中则多使用动词构成句子,而且动词与动词之 间没有形态标志 (如不定式符号 to,分词的-ing 或者-ed 形式).由于汉英两种语言的这种区别,在英译汉时, 往往要将英语原文中的名词翻译成汉语中的动词形式.本例中的 large imports 在原文中是名词短语,充当限 定动词 requires 的宾语,该名词短语后面由 of 引导的介词短语作 large imports 的定语.本例句如果完全按 照英语的词性来翻译成汉语, 那么译文就会变得难以卒读. 由于英语中的名词 import 是由其相同形式的动词 变来,因而该名词同时具有动态的概念.为了符合汉语句子结构的特点,将它翻译成汉语中的动词就会使得 译文更为通顺,地道.由于名词 imports 译成了动词,其前面的形容词就相应地要翻译成副词,因此名词短 语 large imports 由"大量的进口"变成了"大量(地)进口" .由此我们可以得出这样一个结论英语中"具备动 态概念的名词+of+名词"这种结构在翻译成汉语时几乎全部都可以将"具备动态概念的名词"翻译成动词, 将"of+名词"的介词短语翻译成名词短语充当宾语.类似的例子再如: A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. 译文:人们普遍批评 普遍批评美国文化过于强调对于物质产品的占有而相应地过于 相应地过于忽视人们的精神生活. 普遍批评 相应地过于 原文中 criticism,preoccupation,neglect 这几个名词有一个共同的特点,这就是它们都具备动态的性质,它 , , 们之前分别 commonplace excessive 和 corresponding 所修饰. 大量使用名词是英语这种语言的一个重要标志, 而汉语中则大量使用动词.知道了英语和汉语各自的"喜好" ,作为译者就应该 "投其所好" .这里将 原文中的名词均翻译成汉语中的动词就是 "投其所好"的表现,由于原文中的名词被翻译成了动词,原文 中用于修饰名词的形容词也就要相应地翻译成副词. 北京世博翻译公司24 析: 黑龙江大学外语部大学外语应用提高管理中心 商务英语翻译课程教案 商务英语翻译课程教案 The doctor's extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 译文: 医生非常迅速地到达了 迅速地到达了,并且非常仔细地检查 仔细地检查有了病人,因此病人很快就康复了. 迅速地到达了 仔细地检查 本句的翻译同上例的翻译相似,将原文中的名词译为汉语中的动词,将原文中用于修饭店名词的形容词相应 地译成副词,这样更符合汉语的表达习惯. 析: Accounting includes the design of accounting systems, preparation of financial statements, audits, and cost studies, development of forecasts, income tax work, and computer applications to accounting processes, and the analysis and interpretation of accounting information as an aid to making business decisions. 译文:会计包括设计 设计会计制度,准备 准备财务报表,审计账目和对成本的研究报告,展开 展开预测,收入所得税的工作和计 设计 准备 展开 算机的运用,以及分析 解释 分析与解释 分析 解释有助于制定商业决策的会计信息. 析: 商务英语脱胎于普通英语,因此,其使用同普通英语相似.这就意味着在英译汉的过程中,我们可以采用通 常的英译汉的办法来处理商务英语的汉译. 这里将 design, preparation, development, analysis 以及 interpretation 等几个名词分别翻译成汉语中的动词"设计""准备", "分析" "解释"就是明证. , , We also realize the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. 译文:我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门实行工业化. 析: 这里原文中的 need 和 necessity 意义相同,汉语中没有类似的两个词语可以同时并用在一起的情况,故只好 将两个词翻译成汉语中的一个词"需要" ,在这里作动词用,growing 相应地译为"越来越" ,作副词. This is compelling evidence that market liberalization is compatible with a wide range of economic, social and political preferences. 译文:这强有力地证明了市场自由化与广泛的经济,社会和政治倾向是相融的. 析: 在这里将名词 evidence 翻译成汉语中的动词"证明".如果将其翻译成"证据" ,整个句子的行文就会 变得没有力度. If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company's organizational or managerial structure. 译文:如果存在较大的问题,而且目标没有完成,那么就需要改变公司的组织或者管理结构. 改变公司的组织或者管理结构. 改变公司的组织或者管理结构 析: 这里将作主语的 changes 翻译成作谓语的 "改变" 同时将原文中作状语的成分 in the company's organizational , 0r managerial structure 翻译作"改变"的宾语成分,一方面避免了原文中被动语态在汉语译文中的出现,另 一方面又使得汉语译文通顺,自然. 北京世博翻译公司2 形容词转译成动词 adjectives converted into verbs The developed countries are rich in skilled work force and capital resources, so they can concentrate on producing many technology-intensive products such as computers, aircrafts, and so on. 译文:发达国家拥有大量的 拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本,所以它们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品,比如计算机, 拥有大量的 飞机等等. 析: 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的,另外,英语形容词往往需要和系动词 be 相搭配才可以被转 换成汉语中的动词.因此,严格地说,是英语中的"be+形容词 形容词"的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词. 形容词 本例中原文 are rich in 被翻译成汉语中的动词结构"拥有大量的…"即是典型的例子. As you are aware that the British Electrical &Allied Manufacturers' Association is the organization that represents the many firms in the sector of British industry which manufactures equipment for the generation,transmission, distribution and utilization 0f electrical power… 译文:你们都了解 了解,英国电气联合制造商协会这个组织代表了英国工业中生产发电设备,输电设备,配电设备以及 了解 电力使用设备等方面的很多公司… 析: 原文中的 aware 在译文当中被翻译成了动词 "了解" .这符合汉语中习惯于多使用 (谓语) 动词的做法.另外, 英语中很多与思维,情感,欲望,知觉等有关的形容词在被翻译成汉语时,这些形容词往往可以转译成汉语 里的动词.这些形容词有:1)与思维和知觉有关的形容词:aware,conscious,sure, mindful,alert 等;北京世博翻译公司2) , , , , 与情感有关的形容词:glad,pleased,cautious,happy exhilarated,excited,confident thankful,grateful, , , , , , , concerned,eager, afraid,doubtful,sorry 等;3)与欲望有关的形容词:desirous,hopeful,anxious,keen, , , , , , , enthusiastic,zealous 等. , We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice. 译文:我们特别感谢 感谢你们在时间那么短促的情况下安排我们同机械交易团的成员们会面. 感谢 析: 原文中的 grateful 是与情感有关的形容词,翻译成汉语时要译成动词. 北京世博翻译公司25 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司) |