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《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》行使各种自治权利，有权依照当地民族的政 治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例；在不违背宪法和法律的原则 下，有权采取特殊政策和灵活措施；上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令、指示， 如有不适合民族区域自治地方实际情况的， 自治机关可以报请批准变通执行或停 止执行； 自治机关有自主地管理本地方财政、 经济、 文化、 教育事业的自治权利。 在民族杂居散居地区，还建立了 1500 多个民族乡，使杂居散居的少数民族能更 好地享受平等的权利。 New China brought about the system of regional autonomy for national minorities. Organs of self-government were set up in regions where people of national minorities live in compact communities， and the internal affairs of the national minorities were handled by themselves. At present， there are throughout the country 159 national autonomous areas， including five autonomous regions， 30 autonomous prefectures and 1北京世博翻译公司24 autonomous counties （or banners） National autonomous areas 。 exercise all rights of self-government in accordance with the Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy and may work out autonomous rules and specific regulations according to local political， economic and cultural characteristics. Without violating the Constitution and the law， autonomous regions have the right to adopt special policies and flexible measures； autonomous organs can apply for permission to make alterations or desist from implementing resolutions， decisions， orders and instructions made by higher-level state organs if they are not in accordance with the situation in autonomous regions. Organs of self-government have the right to handle local financial， economic， cultural and educational affairs. In regions where people of a number of ethnic groups live together or in scattered communities， more than 1，500 national townships were established so as to enable national minorities to enjoy equal rights to the fullest. 必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和 文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生 活。 不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要， 是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。 只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。 We must always put the interests of the people first. We must truly protect the people‘s economic， political and cultural rights and interests， pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests， and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life. The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people. Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings. 总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困 难。一是经济运行中的突出矛盾虽有所缓解，但尚未根本解决。农业基础薄弱的 状况没有明显改变，保持粮食增产和农民增收的难度增加；固定资产投资还有可 能反弹；煤电油运仍相当紧张；物价上涨的压力较大。 In reviewing our work of the past year， we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development. First， although the outstanding problems in economic activities have been somewhat alleviated， they have yet to be fundamentally solved. Weaknesses in agriculture as the foundation of the economy still have not improved substantially， and it has become harder to continue increasing grain production and rural incomes. In addition， there is the possibility of a return to overheating in fixed asset investment， supplies of coal， electricity， petroleum and transportation are still very tight， and there is still considerable inflationary pressure on prices. 必须坚持客观规律办事。我国现代化建设要始终坚持从国情出发，自觉遵循 客观规律。既要积极进取，抓住机遇加快发展，又不能脱离实际条件，盲目扩大 建设规模、片面追求经济增长速度。否则，欲速则不达，还会造成严重损失。经 济工作和其他工作都要注重实效，把发挥主观能动性和遵循客观规律统一起来。 We must act in accordance with objective laws. In our modernization drive we must always proceed from actual conditions in the country and conscientiously abide by objective laws. We should work energetically and seize opportunities to speed up development， but we must not ignore reality， recklessly expand the scale of development and only pursue rapid economic growth. If we do not keep this in mind， we could end up “just spinning our wheels and going nowhere” or even suffering serious losses. Whether we are doing economic work or other work， we must strive for real results by combining our subjective initiative with adherence to objective laws. 控制固定资产投资规模。继续把好土地审批和信贷投放两个闸门。坚持实行 最严格的土地管理制度，继续开展土地市场治理整顿，严格控制农用地转为建设 用地，合理控制城市建设规模。加快完善重点行业的产业政策、专项规划和市场 准入标准。着力优化投资结构，引导社会资金投向发展的薄弱环节。继续搞好经 济运行调节，进一步缓解煤电油运紧张状况。 Reining in the scale of fixed asset investment, we will continue to closely monitor the two valves of approval for land use and availability of credit. We will maintain the strictest land management system by improving policies and intensifying law enforcement. We will improve city planning and land management， further rectify the land market ， strictly limit transformation of farmland for use in development projects and appropriately control the scale of urban development. We will accelerate our work of improving the policies and plans for key industries and the criteria for their market access. We will work hard to improve the distribution of investment and guide non-government investment into areas that are developing poorly. We will continue to regulate economic activities to further alleviate tight supplies of coal， electricity， petroleum and transportation. 必须坚持处理好全局和局部的关系。 全国经济是一个有机整体， 应当按照“全 国一盘棋”的战略布局，充分发挥各个地区的优势，调动中央和地方两个积极性。 国家制定方针政策，必须考虑全局利益和长远发展，又要照顾不同地区、不同行 业的特点；地方要充分发挥各自的积极性，又必须服从国家全局和长远发展的需 要。 We must balance overall and local interests. Our national economy is an organic whole， so we should allow different regions to fully exploit their own advantages and mobilize the initiatives of both central and local governments in line with the strategic concept of “coordinating all the activities of the nation like moves in a chess game.” In formulating any principles and policies， we must consider not only the overall interests of the country and its long-term development but also the characteristics of each region and industry. Local governments should give full expression to their own initiative while subordinating their needs to those of the country as a whole and the requirements for long-term development. 必须坚持加强和改善宏观调控。近两年来的宏观调控，是认真落实科学发展 观的重要实践。宏观调控与市场机制都是社会主义市场的基础性作用，同时要搞 好宏观调控。关键是要根据经济运行的变化，把握好调控的方向、重点、时机和 力度，改进调控方式方法，主要运用经济、法律手段，辅之以必要的行政手段， 促进经济平稳运行和持续较快发展。 We must strengthen and improve macroregulation. Macroregulation has been an important way of implementing a scientific outlook on development over the past two years. Both macroregulation and market forces are integral components of the socialist market economy. We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources and carry out macroregulation well. It is important to adapt the direction， focus， timing and intensity of regulation to economic changes and to improve the methods of exercising it， which is mainly through economic and legal means supplemented by administrative means when necessary， in order to promote economic stability and sustained and rapid economic development. Passage 13 两人都受到过猫的启示 斯卡拉蒂和肖邦都受到过猫的启示。 斯卡拉蒂的猫用脚爪在他的大键琴的琴 键上踩出一个一个音符时，斯卡拉蒂着手写了一首大键琴 D 小调赋格曲， 《猫的 赋格曲》 。肖邦在创作 F 大调第 3 圆舞曲时，他的猫从钢琴键上跑过。肖邦感到 非常有趣。在他称之为《猫的圆舞曲》中设法记下了同样的音响。 Both Were Inspired by Cats Both Scarlatti and Chopin were inspired by cats. When Scarlatti's cat struck certain notes on the keys of his harpsichord， one by one， with its paws， Scarlatti proceeded to write The Cat’s Fugue， a fugue for harpsichord in D minor. While Chopin was composing Waltz No. 3 in F major， his cat ran across the keys of the piano， amusing Chopin so much that he tried for the same sounds in what is called The Cat's Waltz. Passage 14 没有丝毫责任感 瓦格纳几乎没有丝毫责任感。他不仅似乎无力养活自己，而且从未想过有什 么养活自己的责任。他确信世人应该供养他。基于这一信念，他向所有拿得出钱 的人借钱——不论是男是女，也不论是朋友还是陌生人。乞讨信他一写就是二十 几封。有时低声下气，不知天下有羞耻二字；有时趾高气扬地把资助他的殊荣恩 赐给他看中的捐助人，要是领受人谢绝这一殊荣，他会气得半死。没有发现任何 记录表明他曾经把钱付给或还给未对他提出法律上的要求的人。 凡是能弄到手的钱，他花起来象一位印度王子。他的某一出歌剧可能要上演 了，单凭这一点指望，他一下子就欠下十倍于预期版税的帐单。没有人搞得清楚 ——肯定他自己也弄不清楚——他欠过多少钱。可是我们确实知道，一位为他出 钱最多的捐助人曾经给他六千美元，帮助他偿还他在某市催得最紧的债款。一年 后，又得给他一万六千美元，使他在另一个城市得以安顿下来，并免遭因无力偿 还债务而锒铛入狱的灾难。 Innocent of Any Sense of Responsibility Wagner was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility．Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never occurred to him that he was under any obligation to do so．He was convinced that the world owed him a living．In support of this belief，he borrowed money from everybody who was good for a loan —men， women，friends，or strangers．He wrote begging letters by the score，sometimes groveling without shame， at others loftily offering his intended benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support ， and being mortally offended if the recipient declined the honor．No record was found of his paying or repaying money to anyone who did not have a legal claim upon it． What money he could lay his hands on he spent like an Indian rajah．The mere prospect of a performance of one of his operas was enough to set him to running up bills amounting to ten times the amount of his prospective royalties ． No one will ever know—certainly he never knew—how much money he owed． We do know that his greatest benefactor gave him＄6， to pay the most pressing of 000 his debts in one city， and a year later had to gave him＄16， to enable him to live 000 in another city without being thrown into jail for debt． 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司) |